Human Overpopulation And Its Effects On Coral Reefs

Throughout the world, coral reefs have died off due to a chemical process known as bleaching. NOAA states in â€Å"What is coral bleaching?†, bleaching is the by-product of corals getting too warm; when corals get too warm they expel the algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues, which causes them to turn completely white. Today, the remaining coral reefs are being stressed by the human inhabitants who exist upon the land masses from which these reefs neighbor; which, in turn, has caused these remaining reefs to approach extinction. Moreover, coral reefs are underwater barrier islands, and if they become extinct, Florida and any other landmass protected by a reef shall face the full brunt of every storm that comes their way. However, at the†¦show more content†¦The Great Barrier Reef may contain over 134,286 square miles of marine wildlife, but its secondary purpose is to protect Australia from the killer cyclones that try to invade the country. According to Aliso n Jones and Ray Berkelmans, In December 2010, the highest recorded Queensland rainfall associated with Tropical Cyclone ‘Tasha’ caused flooding of the Fitzroy River in Queensland, Australia. A massive flood plume inundated coral reefs lying 12 km offshore of the Central Queensland coast near Yeppoon and caused 40–100% mortality to coral fringing many of the islands of Keppel Bay down to a depth of [approximately] 8 m. The severity of coral mortality was influenced by the level of exposure to low salinity seawater as a result of the reef’s distance from the flood plume†¦ There was no evidence in this study of mortality resulting from pollutants derived from the nearby Fitzroy Catchment... suggesting that during a major flood, the impact of low salinity on corals outweighs that of pollutants. Recovery of the reefs in Keppel Bay from the 2010/2011 Fitzroy River flood is likely to take 10–15 years basedShow MoreRelatedThe Great Barrier Reef Is Important1142 Words   |  5 Pa gesGreat Barrier Reef is one of the seven wonders around the world. It is approximately 344,400 kilometers long. The Great Barrier Reef is home to many marine organisms. More than 1,500 species of fish live in the Great Barrier Reef. The coral that forms The Great Barrier Reef is made of polyps. Billions of living coral polyps are attached to the reef. The colour of these polyps range from blue, green, purple, red and yellow. As the largest living structure on the planet, the Great Barrier Reef is incrediblyRead More The Damaging Impact of Overpopulation on the Environment Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesThe Damaging Impact of Overpopulation on the Environment 6.5 billion†¦This is not a whole lot of bacteria, but when it comes to humans, it is a very formidable number. The human population has been increasing at an extremely high rate in the last century and unfortunately, not much has been done to slow down this process. Undoubtedly, overpopulation is a global issue. It is global because it pertains to all of humanity, but global also means that it affects the whole world, i.e. the environmentRead MoreEffects Of Overpopulation On The Planet s Ecosystems2162 Words   |  9 Pagessuch as medications and vaccines have caused birth rates to surpass mortality rates resulting in overpopulation. According to Population Paradox, an academic article by Mairi Macleod, an evolutionary biologist,â€Å"It took until 1800 for our numbers to reach 1 billion. Now the human population exceeds 7 billion and is set to reach 10 billion by 2085† (Macleod). Overpopulation is having detrimental effects on the planet s ecosystems, which was discusse d in the provided stimulus, The Struggle To GovernRead MoreOverpopulation : Environmental And Social Problems3271 Words   |  14 Pageshas been a sustainable resource that humans have taken advantage of and been nourished by during evolution. Humans consider one of their main goals to reproduce and populate the Earth. As shown in the graph by World Bank , the world population as of 2013, is estimated to be over 7.1 billion. This is the result of exponential growth from previous years. This massive populations have effects on our resources, causes social problems, overcrowds areas, and effects other species. Earth is hitting theRead MoreNegative Effects of Overpopulation on the Environment2014 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Overconsumption and overpopulation underlie every environmental problem we face today† (â€Å"Population,† Internet). With the current statistics, Jacques could not be more accurate. Every second, 4.2 people are born and 1.8 people die, which would be a net gain of 2.4 people per second (â€Å"Population,† Internet). At this steady rate, the environmental health is spiraling downwards, and it is safe to assume humans are responsible for this. As the population increases, harmful effects on the land, water,Read MoreTaking a Look at Poaching796 Words   |  3 Pagesfor them. The Independent writes: â€Å"evident in the overfishing of sharks, the loss of an apex predator results in the overpopulation of smaller fish†¦Since coral reefs and other marine ecosystems are known to be some of the most diverse in the world, bearing far more delicate and complex food chains than those on land, the loss of one or two species has immediate and adverse effects on the entire ecosystem. Ultimately, as there is insufficient food to sustain the under-controlled and increasing populationRead MoreThe Effects Of Sharks On The World s Ocean Without Those Sharks2057 Words   |  9 Pageswould happen in the world’s ocean without those sharks? The depopulation of sharks is increasing dramatically due to human impacts. If this continues, it will negatively impact all aspects of ocean life and environment (Ferretti et al, 2010). The depopulation of a creature so high on the aquatic food chain can lead to the overpopulation of other organisms, which causes a domino effect on all creatures i n the ocean. This could either rapidly increase or decrease their population, altering the food chainRead MoreThe Cause Of Loss Of Biodiversity1842 Words   |  8 Pagesbiomass; whereas today, with the exponential growth of humans, overpopulation, and overconsumption, humans and the animals we own (namely livestock) take up around ninety-eight percent of the Earth’s biomass. This increase in population has also shown to be detrimental to not only farm animal health, but also human health. According to the FAO, or Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, â€Å"sixty-six percent of the emerging diseases in humans have animal origins and one or two new diseasesRead MoreThe Human Of Endangered Species1309 Words   |  6 Pagessources credited for the existence on Earth. The environment has provided the human race and Earth with the essentials needed and more for survival. Both living and nonliving things play a role in continuing the constant cycle that keeps e verything maintained and in order. When something as small as a plant or as large as a bear is taken from the cycle of life, there are major effects that occur and bring negative problems. Humans are most likely the ones to blame for endangering these species. But globalRead MoreEssay on Human Population Destroys the Environment: Any Questions?1930 Words   |  8 Pagesresources to survive. In the anecdote by Cohen, the accountant tells the boy that he is able to choose the sum of one plus one which accounts in this case to the limits that humans have on the resources. One plus one in this case is also the ratio of the specific supply of each resource per human being which cannot be accounted for. Humans have the potential to act for themselves in knowing how to balance out their needs. Every person on planet Earth needs space and resources to survive but as the population

Variable Pay Plan Gain Sharing Free Essays

Employers are often faced with the challenge of looking for ways to boost productivity and profitability while at the same time, motivating employees to accomplish organizational goals. For many employers, variable pay plans have risen to meet this challenge. A variable pay plan ties pay increases to increased performance and productivity. We will write a custom essay sample on Variable Pay Plan: Gain Sharing or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the more popular group variable pay plans is called gain sharing. Under gain sharing pay programs, both the employer and the employee benefit from increased productivity. Therefore, gain sharing has often been referred to as a win-win pay program since it is an incentive strategy that ties pay to productivity. Gain sharing is a type of incentive plan designed to increase productivity by linking pay directly to specific improvements in a company†s performance. Gain sharing is used primarily when quantitative levels of production are important measures of business success. Gains are shared with unit/department employees on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis according to some predetermined formula calculated on the value of gains of production over labor and other costs. The plan lets employees reap some of the rewards of their efforts through teamwork and cooperation and by working smarter and harder. Gain sharing plans offer the following:  · Directly ties pay to some important measure of company performance  · Results in productivity improvements when installed  · Appropriate for all groups of employees  · Improves communications and teamwork among employees  · Increases employee awareness of â€Å"the big picture†  · Improves job satisfaction and employee relations  · Increases employee participation through involvement in the system Gain sharing pay programs have the following disadvantages:  · Time consuming to design, implement and administer  · Requires employee orientation, education and training  · Accurate and timely production and cost data must be available  · If not already in place, gain sharing requires a shift to participative management and employee involvement Once you decide to add a gain sharing plan to your company you must pick the type of plan you wish to implement into your company. The following is a description of different types of plans a company could implement. A Value Added Plan is the cost of materials and services is subtracted from sales to determine a value added figure. Employee costs are then compared to this figure to arrive at a value added index. This index is compared to value added for future periods to determine if there has been an improvement in productivity. To the extent that employee costs are less than would be the case by applying a value added index to a value added, there is a productivity gain to be shared. A major challenge with this type of plan is removing the effects of automation from productivity gains. The Rucker Plan, essentially, this is a value added plan that contains special adjustments to account for base wage and other price changes, capital expenditures, and other costs unrelated to employee productivity. The Scanlon Plan is one of the more familiar gain sharing plans. It involves calculating total payroll costs and dividing by sales plus finished inventory figures to determine a plan ratio. Employee shares of productivity gains are determined by improvements of this ratio. The Improshare plan tells that increased productivity is determined by looking at the number of working hours that are saved in producing a number of finished units in a given period of time as compared to a base period. Its proponents stress that this measure leads to less waste and better quality control since only finished products are used in measuring the gains. The next is the Par Plan. This plan goes beyond other gain sharing plans by rewarding any successful effort to improve productivity. It does not single out gains solely from a productivity improvement standpoint. A â€Å"par† figure is determined based on all manufacturing costs compared to sales. Any improvement in this ratio determines the gain to be shared. The Gallway Plan gives employee incentives. The incentives under this plan are based solely on reduction in labor costs. The labor value of each product is determined and becomes a basis for determining the gain in productivity that is shared with employees. The first step in designing a gain sharing program is to determine what is to be accomplished by instituting a gain sharing plan. Is the objective to improve productivity? To reduce costs? To maintain or increase market share? Is the objective to improve organizational communication, employee relations or to promote employee participation in the organization? Is the objective to replace a compensation structure that no longer reinforces organizational goals such as improved product quality or customer service? The next stage is to determine how employees will be grouped under the program. Will employees be grouped by geographic location, product or service line, organizational group, payroll category or other employee characteristics? However the group is defined, it is important that it be self-contained and able to function as a â€Å"team. † The third step in developing a gain sharing plan is to determine what measures of performance are necessary to meet the stated objectives of the gain sharing plan. Measurements may be financial, operational or a combination of financial and operational. The fourth step in developing a gain sharing plan is to design the key elements of the program. Key issues at this stage include how do you measure productivity measures and award bonuses, handling variations in performance, and allocating or sharing the gains. After the plan has been developed and administrative issues addressed, the next step is to implement the plan and get employees actively involved in a team approach to performance improvement. This step might be accomplished by using formal or informal suggestion systems, quality circles, training sessions or set managed work groups with regular meetings. The final step after the plan is implemented is to ensure that it stays current with the development of the organization. During this phase of the process, a clear statement of plan documents outlining conditions under which the plan may be suspended, terminated or modified should be developed. How to cite Variable Pay Plan: Gain Sharing, Essay examples

Domestic Violence Essay Paper Example For Students

Domestic Violence Essay Paper DOmestic ViolenceDomestic violence isnt what we thought we would be carrying as a societal problem into the new Millennium. In fact, its an ancient problem that mere mention of it today as an ongoing crisis should really make our society embarrassed and oppressive. Only with the past decade is our society beginning to realize that weve overlooked the stringency of domestic violence. All along weve been viewing domestic violence as merely a moral and ethical dilemma, not an obligation. Weve convinced ourselves that it was a private family matter and not a criminal act. We have told ourselves that some women deserve it, or that they provoked it to happen. We excuse ourselves from the problem, into an uncomfortable but yet acceptable, part of our culture and convinced ourselves it was acceptable to look the other way. So while we were looking the other way, heres what has developed. Battering is the single major cause of injury to womenmore than injuries cause by muggings, rape, and car accidents combined. It is the second leading cause of death to women age twenty to forty-five (Some 1). Strangers perpetrate Twenty percent of violent crimes. More than half are committed by the persons partner (Some 1). Research has shown that 36 to 50 percent of American women will be abused in their lifetime. Women and girls sometimes abuse men and boys, but nine out of ten victims are girls or women (Shannon 1). Domestic violence is not only limited to women though, it has been leaking into high school and college relationships. It is now estimated that at least one out of three high school and college-aged youth experience abuse at some points in their relationships. It can range from a single episode to chronic abuse (Some 1). Even more teens will face verbal or emotional abuse during a relationship, and 10 t o 25 percent of girls between the ages of 15 and 24 will be the victims of rape or attempted rape (Teen 1). According to a 1999 survey conducted by the Massachusetts Department of Education, 18 percent of females in grades 9 through 12 reported being hurt physically or sexually by a date (Seeking 2). We use to see this problem as only belonging to families on the lowest of the socioeconomic ladder. Domestic abuse occurs across all economic, religious, racial and ethnic backgrounds. Women who are subjected to abuse need to understand that they are not the ones at fault. Guys who do this have serious issues. Things like this dont just come along. They are either learned or brought on by their own insecurities. When guys is using verbal put-downs, often the cause of it is due to insecurity brought on by things that have happened in their own lives. Women are often afraid to challenge them because they think it is normal and that it will eventually stop. The highs are very, very high. Some victims are willing to staying the relationship to experience those emotional highs (Roberts 2). Guys continue to use verbal put downs because there have been no consequence in the relationship because after a while women tend to think that it is normal and that it happens in every relationship at one point or another. One cause of domestic violence is social factor. Male dominance plays a major part in it. Also the fact that women are looked at with a negative attitude a lot of the time. Also it partially results in the fact that for a long time women were viewed as property of her husband. So he was able to do what ever he saw fit to do to keep his wife in line even if that meant beating her. Many people still view family violence as a private matter (Causes 1). Family history is the single most common characteristic in domestic violence (Causes 3). Family violence and health have always been a major health problem. Children that have been subjected to this as a child will more then likely be come an assaulter (Causes 3). Although these are associated with domestic violence, many abusers were not subjected to this who became abusers and many people who saw violence take place in their home and never became an abuser (Causes 5). Another origin of abuse is personal control. Abuse and violence work to maintain power and control over others (Causes 2). Violence is a learned behavior that is often reinforced by beliefs and socialization. The use of violence is reinforced every time it is used as an effective means of control (Causes 2). People have said that the abusers goal is often to control and dominate the victim. Many people feel that when substances are brought into a relationship, that the violence is more prevalent (Causes 4). Although in many cases there are probably not many abusers who arent abusing substances. Research in this field is not yet conclusive, but health professionals should recognize substance abuse as a risk factor for abuse, not an explanation (Causes 4). Evidence indicates that, while substance abuse and violent behavior frequently coexist, the violent behavior will not end unless interventions address the violence as well as the addiction(Causes 4). Although substance abuse is often a major factor in domestic violence it cannot yet be considered a cause of it. If a person is already a batterer, the violent behavior may increase with the abuse of substances, however, there are many alcohol and drug abusers who never batter their wives (Causes4). Social Rejection Essay PaperOne option is to teach our children at a young age that abuse does not make you a strong person. Jay S. Schachne founded the Kate Brown Fund in February of 2001 to attempt to help young people recognize and prevent dating/relationship violence (Seeking 1). To date, the fund has raised almost seventy thousand dollars, enough to hire two full time educators who will work in public and private schools raising awareness about the issue (Seeking 2). This program hopes to administer a ten-week prevention program at schools during health classes (Seeking 2). Another option is to have the abuser go to counseling sessions. In these sessions the abusers would learn how to control their anger and emotions. Our unswerving standards for all interventions for partner abusers are as follows: #61623; engage abusers in the first session to prevent all forms of retribution against victims, including subtle emotional abuse and blame #61623; instill zero tolerance for even the most subtle forms of abuse and blame#61623; motivate abusers to change by teaching the rewards of change based on compassion: unparalleled self-enhancement and self-empowerment#61623; illustrate the power of understanding and internally regulating ones own abusive impulse, as opposed to the utter powerlessness of blaming it on the victim#61623; transformation of the identity of abusers from victims, avengers, or batterers to compassionate moral agents#61623; supplement criminal justice sanctions and constraints by building internal inhibitions against all abusive behavior (human change processes require a combination of internal reward for pro-social behavior and external punishment for abuse) #61623; avoid replicating abusive dynamics through intolerance of disagreement and use of power and control tactics to win disputes or silence others, thereby reinforcing that the one with the most power and anger wins #61623; model responsibility and accountability by proving program effe ctiveness. Absolute safety and healing of victims is the primary goal. All abusers sign an oath to maintain zero tolerance for all forms of abuse, including accidentally hurting the feelings of all loved ones through failure to understand their perspectives. Failure of compassion is abuse. The reward of compassion is an enhanced sense of self. To ensure the safety of victims, we strongly advocate mandatory, on going, random-assignment comparison evaluation of intervention programs serving court-ordered clients in every community of the country. In the interest of victim safety, we seek comparison studies with treatment programs everywhere in the country (Wygoda). The engine of sexism and abuse is the compulsion to blame vulnerable emotions on others. The inability to sustain compassion for self and others causes not only failure and abuse of partners, but sexist and racist attitudes as well. Yet another option is to leave the relationship. Many women view this as the impossible way out but it is the best option to ensure their safety. Women shouldnt just stay in the relationship because they are afraid. There are always organizations that they can go to or they can always talk to a friend or a family member and set up a plan to help them get out. But with the good comes the bad. Just because theses are an option doesnt necessarily mean that they will be effective in the long run. Schools can have classes where they teach children and teenagers about the dangers of abusing a partner, but there is always the chance that the program could fail and we would have made no progress. Then just because the abusers go to counseling sessions doesnt mean that they will be able to stop the abuse totally. The program may work for little while, but if they have no healthy way of venting their anger then they might end up having the situation go back to the way the were or possible get even worse. Its almost unconscionable how passive and ignorant weve been about crimes of domestic abuse. But on the other hand we are also aggressively taking steps to right this wrong. The implications of domestic violence are forcing the medical community to address a whole new set of issues, from how to increase accurate diagnoses of abuse, how to counsel victims, and how to report injuries for criminal records. Also having abusers go to counseling sessions and having children learn early on in life the effects of abuse on their partner and themselves. When we think of domestic abuse let the image of CNN panning in on crime scene photos of Nicole Simpson come to mind. Let us think that these women arent just mere strangers. These women could be your mother, daughter, or sister. Domestic violence is not just a physical act. It is an act that falls into several categories, intimidation, threats, and economic depravation, sexual and emotional abuse. A bruise may last a few days, but the emotional scars are forever etched into the minds of the innocent women and children. Let us think of them when we think to keep a familys dirty little secret.